This quantitative research studied household characteristics and the quality of life of children in Kanchanaburi Province. Secondary data was used from the Baseline Survey of the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS) Round 5 (2004), Kanchanaburi Project, which was conducted by the Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, and was supported by The Wellcome Trust. The study group consisted of 938 unmarried children aged 15 to 24 years old of the household heads. Cross-tabulation was used to analyze the relationship between the children’s quality of life and their general demographic, social, and economic characteristics. Research results on the physical quality of life showed that the majority of children had no disease and received the thirty-baht health scheme card, but obtained inadequate access to services (card usage). They also had appropriate consumption behavior as well as behavior of not consuming harmful foods at a good level. In term of social quality of life, the majority of the children were employed. In terms of environmental quality of life, it was found that the children lived in saindly constructer houses with high stability. Study results on the relationship between variables and the quality of life indicated that females had a better physical quality of life in all family types compared to males. Children with Thai nationality in all family types had better social quality of life than other nationalities. Similarly, children with income greater than 20,000 baht per year had better physical and social quality of life than children with income less than 20,000 baht per year in all types of the family. Children in municipal areas had a better environmental quality of life compared to children in rural areas, only within two-parent families and single-mother families. The results of this study suggest that the family and those government and non government workers who provide assistance to the families should look after, promote, support and the establish sharing, understanding, relationship strength, time utilization and cohesion within the family. In addition, tax rate reduction is crucial to the economic recovery at single parents.