The objective of this study is to investigate the pattern of aged people’s living arrangement, focusing on the well–being of the elderly who live without adult support and care. Part of the information on living arrangements is taken from the 2001 survey of the Kanchanaburi project. In-depth interviews were also used. This study finds that the elderly live alone because of their single status (having never married), widowhood, divorce, or the migration of their children. The elderly faced health, emotional, financial and housing problems; most of them need basic health and financial facilities, and emotional support, the sources of which are mostly from their children, relatives and communities. Those who are living alone are able to survive with the care of their children, kin and communities. This study shows that the traditional system of familial care for the elderly remains in Thai communities.