In the age of socio-economic changes, sexual relations among adolescents are likely changed from those traditionally practiced, where sexual activities would occur at a suitable age. This change has caused a number of problems related to unwanted pregnancy – STDs, and AIDS, etc. Single female adolescents are more vulnerable to physical, mental, and social problems than male adolescents. The only means to protect them is by using condoms. However, in Thai female adolescents there are social norms and a culture regarding sex that partly impede them from using condoms. This thesis aimed to find out whether there is a discrepancy in attitudes among Bangkok secondary school students regarding female preparedness for condom use and what, if anything, might shed light on that discrepancy, especially as regards the differences in attitudes between male and female students and factors associated with those attitudes. For this study, I used the concept of “condom preparedness,” which consists of buying, carrying, and asking one’s partner to use a condom. A structured questionnaire survey of a 427 student sample in Bangkok revealed that about 50 % of students thought that it was acceptable for female students to buy and carry condoms and about 50 % thought it was unacceptable. However, as many as 80 % agreed that it is acceptable for single female students to ask sexual partners to wear condoms. The discrepancy between the relatively lower percentage of students reporting acceptance of buying and carrying condoms compared to the high percentage reporting acceptance of the female’ requesting the use of condoms could be due to the fact that during the recent period, information about premarital sex has become increasingly available in various media including information on problems of sexually transmitted diseases. In addition students have been exposed to and influenced by women’s rights and feminism from western culture, causing a decline of their traditional sexual norms. I found no significant difference between male and female students regarding attitudes towards condom preparedness. However, there were differences between them as regards the factors associated with their attitudes. In particular, a tendency to accept condom preparedness was found among females who perceived that their friends practiced condom preparedness. Such a correlation between the perceived practice of friends and attitudes towards condom preparedness was not found among male students. This difference possibly reflects a double-standard in traditional sexual customs, female students need peer support to approve of something that transgresses social customs. Traditionally the male in Thailand is more free in sexual relations, which might result in less need of peer support for their attitudes. Females students accepting premarital sex with lovers tended to accept condom preparedness, while for males it was those accepting sex between engaged couples who tended towards accepting preparedness. This suggests that the females attitudes towards condom preparedness are more related to the intimacy of love than that of males.