Objectives of this research are to study farmers’ awareness on the use of pesticides in growing pepper, factors affecting farmers’ awareness of using pesticides in growing pepper, and farmers’ awareness of danger caused by the use of pesticides in growing Hua Rue pepper. The author conducted the research under a survey and qualitative research methodology with questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and non-participating observation of 157 sample farmers, to collect the data. It was found from the study that, as a whole, most farmers had appropriate behavior in using pesticides, and had a high level of awareness of danger caused by pesticides. However, it was found that farmers’ awareness involved using pesticides safely when they had to touch or deal with them directly, such as in the process of mixing, holding or spraying chemicals; dressing, body and cloth clean-up after the spraying process;and when farmers felt sick and would observe health conditions and remedy them. But, it was found that farmers did not have such awareness after spraying pesticides because they did not touch pesticides directly or stay close to them; as a result, they did not pay attention to drawbacks to the society and environment. For example, no signs warned of pesticide-sprayed areas, pesticides were not kept in safe and closed areas, methods for eradicating pesticide vessels were not right, or several pesticides were mixed up for higher efficiency in wiping out pests without taking account of consumers’ safety. Regarding factors affecting farmers’ awareness of using pesticides, it was found that age, level of education, experience in growing pepper, use of pesticides, revenues, and information received concerning the use of pesticides effected farmers’ awareness of using pesticides, especially the level of education, because most were low-educated; as a result, they did not consider the use of pesticides appropriately, repeated wrong practice until they felt familiar with it, and ignored danger to themselves or others. Concerning actions to encourage farmers’ awareness of danger caused by the use of pesticides, correct information should be distributed to farmers in easy, comprehensible forms, to educate and make farmers understand the correct and safe use of pesticides, as well as the danger posed by pesticides.